And, realization of the dangers is finally at hand. Given that LEDs are being widely used in cities, especially for street lighting, sports facilities, and corporate facilities, a primary design consideration should be the security of the systems used. Once this vulnerability came to light, LIFX rapidly updated its firmware and added encryption to its network, thereby fixing the problem. Fortunately, to accomplish this breach, hackers had to be within approximately 100 feet of the wireless range to access the network, meaning that large corporate campuses are most likely immune. Once the key is accessed in one device, the same key can be used to decrypt messages from all devices or any LIFX bulb. Since the bulb used AES data encryption, the researchers found that the encrypting and decrypting parties had access to the same pre-shared key each device had a constant global key. A research group from Context Information Security, an IT security firm, was able to access packets that shared the encrypted network configuration.įor this hack, six researchers broke open the bulb to identify the processors that resided on the PCB. In this system, although all bulbs are receiving commands over the mesh network, they do so through the master bulb, which is connected to Wi-Fi. In this case, the architecture was based on the 802.15.4 6LoWPAN wireless mesh network. While it wasn’t a simple hack, it’s a critical one.
Once in the Wi-Fi network, the hackers switched out some firmware for their software/hardware and they were able to take flash memory from each chip, reverse engineering the firmware. Researchers identified specific packets where Wi-Fi network credentials were shared and requested Wi-Fi details, all without ever alerting the application. More recently, a researcher successfully hacked into a LIFX Wi-Fi LED network that was integrated with the Nest home platform from Google.
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In this case, the fix is improved security at the PC level. It was a trusted device that issued the command to turn the lights off. Placing the malware on a PC is the method Dhanjani used, which means that the network was actually hacked rather than the LED itself. Dhanjani published a paper that outlines the Hue’s vulnerabilities including IFTTT recipes, Facebook and such protocols as ZigBee Light Link. As long as the bridge (router) was installed, the lights remained off. As a result, Nitesh Dhanjani, a security researcher, was able to hack into the Hue’s closed system, and caused a blackout using malware. Because of its open APIs and the trust of local devices, the Hue was both easy to program and use. The Philips Hue LED was hailed as a significant advance in lighting, but missed the security mark faced by all devices connected to the IoT. As problems surface, fixes need to be developed and deployed rapidly. It must be stressed that this is a rapidly moving marketplace and design environment. Two of the most notable cases of LED hacking are (thankfully) the work of researchers. What exists is a junction of very smart LEDs and not-so-smart networks - and the weaknesses are becoming increasingly evident.
These newer devices are meeting an older network and security methods, and the environment is replete with vulnerable services, authentication bypass schemes and default passwords. A high percentage of these devices are fairly recent designs, and in their race to get to market quickly, are often devoid of long-standing security protection. And, within that network, Gartner estimates 26.5 billion objects will be embedded by 2020. Unlike the alternatives, LEDs can be connected to an IoT network.
LED use is certainly compelling based on the technology’s ability to cut general lighting energy use by a huge percentage, generating big savings in the forms of both money and reduction in carbon footprint. As LED networks connect to the Internet of Things (IoT), the vulnerabilities are becoming more obvious - but the solutions to this problem may be closer than expected. As evidenced by this example, gaining control of lighting systems enables hacking, and many smart lighting systems lack an adequate security presence. Once the lights were cut, carrying on with their crime spree was pretty easy. hour, and then injured a gas station attendant, a hardware store security guard and a security guard hired by the town. Recently, in Nuevo Arenal, a little sleepy village in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica, a dozen criminals cut the lights to the town’s main street during the quiet 3 a.m.
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